The multi-enzymes and probiotics mixture improves the growth performance, digestibility, intestinal health, and immune response of Siberian sturgeon (<i>Acipenser baerii</i>)

Abstract The inclusion of exogenous digestive enzymes and probiotics is well established in the aquafeed industry. mixture multi-enzymes improves feed utilization wellbeing aquatic animals compared to individual supplementation. Herein, we evaluated multi-enzyme (beta-glucanase, cellulase, alpha-amylase, protease, xylanase, phytase) at 250 mg/kg multi-species probiotic ( Bacillus subtilis , Lactobacillus acidophilus L. delbrueckii rhamnosus plantarum Pediococcus acidilactici ; 1 × 10 CFU/g for each bacterial strain) 2 g/kg on performances Siberian sturgeon. final weight, weight gain, SGR, PER were markedly enhanced while FCR was reduced fish fed premix (P&lt;0.05). Multi significantly increased total body protein content (P˃0.05). also improved digestibility crude protein, dry matter, lipids nutrients count goblet cells, microvilli diameter, length, outer muscle wall enterocyte absorptive surface (P&lt;0.05) by dietary multienzymes mixture. WBCs neutrophils showed marked improvements levels glucose, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen, bilirubin higher control than Significantly, sturgeon-fed had lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin, skin mucus serum samples Further, complement C3 C4 fish-delivered In conclusion, synergistically activity resulted utilization, nutrient digestibility, health status